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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical and serological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) overlap syndrome (Rhupus syndrome).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 21 patients with Rhupus syndrome who were hospitalized at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January 2010 and January 2018. We compared the joint involvement, autoantibodies and clinical manifestations of Rhupus syndrome with 81 cases of RA-alone and 51 cases of SLE-alone.@*RESULTS@#In 21 patients with Rhupus syndrome, there are 3 males and 18 females. Compared with the SLE-alone group, the patients with Rhupus syndrome were older [(49.43±11.66) vs. (40.59±12.73), P=0.008]. The median age of the patients with Rhupus syndrome at RA onset was significantly younger than that of the RA-alone patients [(32.58±11.14) vs. (43.11±11.83), P=0.010]. Of the 21 patients with Rhupus syndrome, the initial diagnosis was RA in 57% (12/21), except 2 male patients, the other 10 patients with SLE manifestations were menopause, the mean age of amenorrhea or menopause was (44.30±5.33) (36-50) years. The mean interval between the onset of SLE and RA was 10.83 years. Two patients started with SLE manifestations. Moreover, both diseases simultaneously developed in 33.3% of the patients. Except one male patient, 3 patients were in menopause stage when RA and SLE appeared. The positive rate of specific antibody Rhupus syndrome was similar to that of RA. Renal damage was relatively rare in SLE related manifestations, but the incidence of interstitial lung disease was higher. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of complements C3 and C4, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibody between the Rhupus syndrome and SLE-alone group.@*CONCLUSION@#Rhupus syndrome is an overlapping syndrome in which RA and SLE coexist. Most of the diseases occur in RA and the related manifestations of RA are more serious than those of SLE. The incidence of Rhupus syndrome may be related to the change of sex hormone levels.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Antinuclear , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology , Autoantibodies , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish the in vivo traceable acute myeloid leukemia mice model with Luciferase-Expressing KG1a Cells.@*METHODS@#KG1a cells with stable luciferase gene expression (called as KG1a-Luc cells) were constructed by lentivirus transfection, then sifted out by puromycin. Eighteen male NOD-SCID-IL2rg@*RESULTS@#KG1a cells expressing luciferase stably were successfully obtained. The tumor luminescence wildly spread at day 17 captured by in vivo imaging. The KG1a-Luc tumor cells could be detected in the peripheral blood of the mice, with the average percentage of (16.27±6.66)%. The morphology and pathology result showed that KG1a-Luc cells infiltrate was detected in bone marrow, spleens and livers. The survival time of the KG1a-Luc mice was notably shorter as compared with those in the control group, the median survival time was 30.5 days (95%CI: 0.008-0.260).@*CONCLUSION@#The acute myeloid leukemia NOD-SCID-IL2rg
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Disease Models, Animal , Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Luciferases/genetics , Mice, Inbred NOD , Mice, SCIDABSTRACT
italic>Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) has been used as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2 000 years in China. Modern research has confirmed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as regulating blood sugar, improving gastrointestinal inflammation, and regulating immunity. Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of D. officinale. With the intensive studies of the pharmacological activities of D. officinale, evidence for the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of D. officinale polysaccharides has increased dramatically. In this review, we summarized the latest progress in the pharmacological and mechanical studies of D. officinale polysaccharides, and based on the pharmacological efficacy and oral absorption and utilization characteristics of D. officinale polysaccharides, it is proposed that regulating the gut microbiota may be one of the key mechanisms for D. officinale to exert its beneficial effects. Research on the mechanism of D. officinale polysaccharides puts forward new research directions and prospects.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and significance of B and T lymphocyte weakening factor (BTLA) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).@*METHODS@#Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of BTLA and its ligand HVEM mRNA in 11 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and 11 normal donors. Flow cytometry was used to detect expression of BTLA and its HVEM on the cell surface of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and γδ T cells.@*RESULTS@#The median values of BTLA and its ligand HVEM mRNA expression in peripheral blood of patients with CMML were 0.009% and 559.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of normal controls (0.053% and 1031%)(P<0.001). The expression level of BTLA and HVEM on cell surface of peripheral lymphocytes was not significantly different from that in normal controls (P=0.3031 and 0.2576), however, the proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in patients with CMML (median: 37.73%) was significantly lower than that in controls (median 69.23%)(P=0.0005). The expression of BTLA on the surface of γδ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with CMML (median: 23.26%) was significantly lower than that of the controls (median: 52.64%) (P<0.05), and there was no significant abnormality in HVEM expression (P=0.2791).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of BTLA and its ligand HVEM, the proportion of T lymphocytes and the expression of BTLA on the surface of γδ T cells in patients with CMML are reduced. The effects of these abnormalities on T cell function and prognosis and efficacy of patients need to be further observed.
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@# 【Objective】To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of microRNA-30a-5p（miR-30a-5p）on epithelial mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer Hela cells.【Methods】Hela cervical cancer cell lines were transfected with miR-30a-5p mimics or negative control mimic，respectively，as 30a-5p or NC group. Control group was established with untreated Hela cervical cancer cells. miR-30a-5p content in each group was detected by RT-PCR assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the 3 groups. Western-blot assay was used to detect the expressions of N- cadherin，α-Catenin and ubiquitin specific processing peptidase 22（USP22）protein in the 3 groups. Prediction target genes of miR-30a-5p by bioinformatics methods. Antagonistic effect of USP22 over-expression on miR-30a-5p inhibi⁃tion of EMT was detected by western blot assay. The relationship between miR-30a-5p and USP22 was detected by dual luciferase assay. Subcutaneous transplantation tumor model established，and the effect of miR-30a-5p in vivo was ob⁃ served.【Results】The miR-30a-5p intracellular quantity in 30a-5p group Hela cells was up-regulated，and the expres⁃ sion level of miR-30a-5p was 853.82（862.26~843.11）times higher than that of Control group（P＜0.01）. The number of invasive cells in 30a-5p group was 8.17（8.32~8.03），which was significantly lower than that of Control group 62.33 （63.52~60.19）（P＜0.01）. USP22 may be the target gene of miR-30a-5p. In 30a-5p group，the intracellular quantity of N-cadherin protein was decreased，the intracellular quantity of α-Catenin protein was increased，and the intracellular quantity of USP22 protein was decreased. The intracellular quantity of N-cadherin protein in 30a-5p group was down-reg⁃ ulated，the intracellular quantity of α-Catenin protein was increased，and the intracellular quantity of USP22 protein was reduced. After USP22 over-expression，the intracellular quantity of N-cadherin protein in cervical cancer cells of 30a-5p group was up-regulated，and the intracellular quantity of α-Catenin protein were down-regulated. Dual luciferase assay showed that USP22 is a downstream target gene of miR-30a-5p（P＜0.01）. Subcutaneous transplantation tumors in 30a- 5p group were significantly smaller than those in Control group.【Conclusion】miR-30a-5p may inhibit the expression of EMT related protein through the downstream target gene USP22，and the epithelial mesenchymal transition function of cervical cancer Hela cells.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the development of Treg and TH17 cells.@*METHODS@#Exosomes from the serum-free-culture supernatants of hUC-MSC were harvested by ultracentrifugation. The electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot were used to identify the hUC-MSC-exosomes, such as the morphology, the paticle chameter, and the protein content. The PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 were incubated with the exosomes for five days, and then the percentage changes of Treg and TH17 cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The hUC MSC-derived exosomes were saucer-like in morphology the averge diameter was approximately 142 nm. They were identified as positive for CD9 and CD63. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of CD4CD25Foxp3 Treg cells in the PBMC were significantly higher, but the proportion of CD4IL17A T cells in the hUC-MSC-exosome group was obviously lower than that in the group without the hUC-MSC-exosom (control group) (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The hUC-MSC-exosomes have an immunomodulatory effect on T cells in vitro by increasing the ratio of Treg and reducing the ratio of TH17 cells, expecting the hUC-MSC-exosom as a novel cell-free target for immunotherapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exosomes , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Th17 Cells , Umbilical CordABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to analyse risk factors of the progression of LVH. Methods: Stable MHD patients of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled in July 2012. These patients were followed for 1 year. Clinical characteristics and laboratory indices were collected at baseline and 1-year followup. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was evaluated by ultrasonic cardiogram. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) increased more than 5% was defined as LVH progression. Results: Totally 71 MHD patients were enrolled in this study. 44 patients were males, with median age 55.9 years old, median dialysis vintage 152.1 months. 22 (30.99%) patients had LVH at enrollment. A significant higher percentage of MHD patients used calcium-channel binder (CCB) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in LVH group, while a significant higher NT-proBNP level was also showed in LVH group. 31 patients had LVH progression while 40 patients didn't after 1 year. Patients in progression group had significant higher levels of total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In univariable and multivariable Logistic regression, total cholesterol and LDL-C were independent risk factors of LVH progression (OR=2.515, 95% CI 1.219-5.910, P=0.013; OR=1.950, 95% CI 1.127-3.375, P=0.017). Conclusion: LVH is one of the common cardiovascular complications in MHD patients. The proportion of use of antihypertensive drugs is higher in the patients with LVH. Higher LDL-C and total cholesterol levels are risk factors for the progression of LVH.
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Objective· To observe the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,and to analyse risk factors of the progression of LVH.Methods· Stable MHD patients of Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled in July 2012.These patients were followed for 1 year.Clinical characteristics and laboratory indices were collected at baseline and 1-year followup.Left ventricular mass (LVM) was evaluated by ultrasonic cardiogram.Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) increased more than 5％ was defined as LVH progression.Results · Totally 71 MHD patients were enrolled in this study.44 patients were males,with median age 55.9 years old,median dialysis vintage 152.1 months.22 (30.99％) patients had LVH at enrollment.A significant higher percentage of MHD patients used calcium-channel binder (CCB) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in LVH group,while a significant higher NT-proBNP level was also showed in LVH group.31 patients had LVH progression while 40 patients didn't after 1 year.Patients in progression group had significant higher levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).In univariable and multivariable Logistic regression,total cholesterol and LDL-C were independent risk factors of LVH progression (OR=2.515,95％ CI 1.219-5.910,P=0.013;OR=1.950,95％ CI 1.127-3.375,P=0.017).Conclusion · LVH is one of the common cardiovascular complications in MHD patients.The proportion of use of antihypertensive drugs is higher in the patients with LVH.Higher LDL-C and total cholesterol levels are risk factors for the progression of LVH.
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Dendrobium officinale is a member of the family Orchidaceae. The dried stem of D. officinale is used as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, known as Dendrobii Officamlis Caulis (called TiepiShihu in Chinese). According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Dendrobii Officamlis Caulis has effects of tonifying stomach, promoting fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat. At present, the planting area of D. officinale is over 100 000 Mu (over 6 670 hm2) and the annual output of its fresh stem is in excess of 10 000 tons. Good variety is the guarantee of herbal medicine's quality, while germplasm resource is the base for breeding excellent variety. In this paper, we summed the characteristics of present main varieties of D. officinale and reviewed the progress on germplasm resources and genetics and breeding of the plant, in order to provide a scientific basis for the further research.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide the scientific basis for the application of mycorrhizal fungi in Dendrobium officinale artificial cultivation. METHODS: The dominant strain was screened in a planting base by using biomass as the index. The effects of initial inoculums and supplementary inoculation on the growth and the chemical composition of D. officinale were further investigated. RESULTS: Mycorrhizal fungi M2(Mycena sp.) was found to be the advantageous strain. After 16 months of growth, the stem dry weight(SDW) and plant dry weight(PDW) of the three M2-treatment groups were significantly higher than those of CK, and the SDW of group M(M2 initial inoculums of 1.0 g·clump-1) was the highest, which increased by 39.2% and 11.1% compared with CK and group L(M2 initial inoculums of 1.0 g·clump-1)(P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, M2 had no effect on the chemical properties of stem polysaccharide, and could improve the contents of naringenin and bibenzyls in the stems. The supplementary inoculation of M2 enhanced the plant-growth-promoting effects of M2. The SDW of the supplementary group increased by 18.0%(P<0.05) compared with the non-supplementary group, while supplementary inoculation had a certain effect on the chemical properties of polysaccharide. CONCLUSION: Mycorrhizal fungus M2 has good application prospects for D. officinale artificial cultivation.
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Objective To execute informatized management of ophthalmic equipment archives with modern information technology and Internet.Methods The classification of ophthalmic equipment archives was described,and then the present situation of ophthalmic equipment archives management and the necessity for involving in informatization were analyzed.Informatized management of ophthalmic equipment archives was performend from 4 aspects of basic project management,project management,warehouse management and in-use affairs management.Results Informatization standardized ophthalmic equipment archives management.Conclusion Remote informatized management and resource sharing of ophthalmic equipment archives contributes to construction of digital ophthalmic hospital.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical efficacy and toxicity of CLAT protocol (cladribine, cytarabine and topotecan) for treating patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R-AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 18 patients with R-AML (median age 37 years, range 18 to 58 years; male n = 16, female n = 2) were treated with CLAT protocol, which consisted of cladribine 5 mg/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5, cytarabine 1.5 g/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5, topotecan 1.25 mg/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5 and G-CSF 300 µg/d subcutaneous injection on day 6 until neutrophile granulocyte recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 18 patients 2 died of severe infection before the assessment. Among 16 evaluated patients, 10 (55.6%) achieved complete remission (CR), and 2 (11.1%) achieved partial remission (PR), the overall response rate was 66.7%, the rest 4 patients did not respond (NR). The median overall survival time and DFS for the CR patients was 9.5 months (95%CI: 6.7-16.64) and 9.5 months (95%CI: 6.1-16.7) respectively. The 1 year OS and DFS rates were 45% and 46.9%, respectively. All patients developed grade 4 of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, the median duration was 13 (range 2 to 21) days and 12 days (range 2 to 21), respectively, all patients developed infection, 2 patients died of severe infection. The most common non-hematological side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, aminotransferase or bilirubin elevation and were grade 1 to 2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CLAT protocol seems to have promising for the treatment of refractory AML patients, and patients well tolerated. This CLAT protocol offers an alternative treatment for R-AML patients who received severe intensive treatment, especially with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agranulocytosis , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Cladribine , Therapeutic Uses , Cytarabine , Therapeutic Uses , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Therapeutic Uses , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Drug Therapy , Remission Induction , Thrombocytopenia , Topotecan , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Microvesicles (MVs) are the heterogeneous mixtures of vesicles. MVs released by leukemia cells constitute an important part of the leukemia microenvironment. MVs might act as important reservoirs of microRNAs (miRNAs). It is worth evaluating whether MVs possess some unique miRNA contents that are valuable in understanding the pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the miRNA expression patterns of Nalm-6-derived MVs, Jurkat-derived MVs and normal cell-derived MVs using miRNA microarrays. The potential target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs were also predicted and analyzed. Results demonstrated that 182 miRNAs and 166 miRNAs were differentially expressed in Nalm-6-MVs and Jurkat-MVs, respectively. Many oncogenes, tumor suppressors and signal pathway genes were targeted by these aberrantly expressed miRNAs, which might contribute to the development of B-ALL or T-ALL. Our findings expanded the potential diagnostic markers of ALL and provided useful information for ALL pathogenesis.
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Compound Wuzhigan capsules is a compound preparation composed of Wuzhigan, Shidagonglao, Gangmei, Shanzhima. A Randomized, double-blind, multi-center, positive parallel control designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Wuzhigan capsules on anemopyretic cold. One hundred and twenty anemopyretic cold patients were given compound Wuzhigan capsules (test group), 2 capsules one time, three times a day, 119 patients were given compound Wuzhigan tablets (control group) ,4 tablets one time, three times a day; three days of treatment The study showed, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 63. 3% and 80% of the test group. For the control group, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 72. 5% and 80. 7%. The difference was not statistically significant. Compound Wuzhigan capsules can reduce the dosage, and get better patient compliance.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Capsules , Common Cold , Drug Therapy , Double-Blind Method , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Safety , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences in the clinical efficacy between Guan's quadruple therapy for kidney disease and the conventional western medication in the treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the observation group, besides the physician instruction of low protein and low phosphorus diet in the two groups, Guan's quadruple therapy for kidney disease was applied, including (1) the isolated herbal moxibustion at Shenshu (BL 23) and Pishu (BL 21), or Ganshu (BL 18), Zusanli (ST 36) and Guanyuan (CV 4) alternatively; (2) acupuncture at the auricular points such as shen (CO10), jiaogan (AHR6), Shenshangxian (TG2), fei (CO14) and pizhixia (AT4); (3) injection of mixture of astragalus injection and lidocaine injection at Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 21), Shenshu (BL 23) and the others; (4) modified Shenshuai Yihao decoction according to syndrome differentiation. In the control group, the conventional western medication was used. After 6 months of treatment, the differences were observed between the two groups in the clinical efficacy, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), endogenous creatinine (Ccr) and 24 h urine protein quantitation (UPQ).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the observation group, after treatment, the remarkably effective rate was 50.0% (20/40) and the total effective rate was 82.5% (33/40), which were superior to 25.0% (10/40) and 45.0% (18/40) in the control group (both P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Scr, BUN and 24 h UPQ were reduced apparently (all P < 0.05), and the level of Ccr was increased apparently in the two groups (both P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Scr, BUN and 24 h UPQ were reduced much more apparently in the observation group as compared with those in the control group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Guan's quadruple therapy for kidney disease achieves a better efficacy on CRF compared with the conventional western medication. This therapy improves renal functions, relieves clinical symptoms and physical signs and benefits the life quality of patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acupuncture Therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Drug Therapy , Therapeutics , Kidney Function TestsABSTRACT
Microvesicles (MVs) are the heterogeneous mixtures of vesicles. MVs released by leukemia cells constitute an important part of the leukemia microenvironment. MVs might act as important reservoirs of microRNAs (miRNAs). It is worth evaluating whether MVs possess some unique miRNA contents that are valuable in understanding the pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the miRNA expression patterns of Nalm-6-derived MVs, Jurkat-derived MVs and normal cell-derived MVs using miRNA microarrays. The potential target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs were also predicted and analyzed. Results demonstrated that 182 miRNAs and 166 miRNAs were differentially expressed in Nalm-6-MVs and Jurkat-MVs, respectively. Many oncogenes, tumor suppressors and signal pathway genes were targeted by these aberrantly expressed miRNAs, which might contribute to the development of B-ALL or T-ALL. Our findings expanded the potential diagnostic markers of ALL and provided useful information for ALL pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic , Jurkat Cells , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Multivesicular Bodies , Genetics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Genetics , Pathology , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Genetics , Pathology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
To determine whether the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in cancer-derived microvesicles (MVs) mirror those of the parental tumor cells, we compared the miRNA expression profiles of MVs derived from their parental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The presence and levels of 888 miRNAs from SMMC-7721 cells and MVs were detected by Agilent miRNA microarray analysis. Four selected miRNAs were verified by real time qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the genes of the miRNAs were bioinformatically identified to explore potential roles of the miRNAs in HCC microenvironment. Our results showed that miRNAs expression profiles of MVs derived from HCC were significantly changed. Of all the miRNAs tested, 148 miRNAs were co-expressed in MVs and SMMC-7721 cells, only 121 and 15 miRNAs were detected in MVs and SMMC-7721 cells, respectively. Among the 148 co-expressing miRNAs, 48 miRNAs had the similar expression level and 6 of them were supposed to be oncogenic or suppressive miRNAs. According to the target prediction by Quantile Algorithm method, these miRNAs may regulate 3831 genes which were closely related to cell cycle, apoptosis and oncogenesis, and 78 were known tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that 3831 genes were mainly associated with nucleic acid binding, cell death, cell adhesion. MVs containing miRNAs, released into the HCC microenvironment, bear the characteristic miRNAs of the original cells and might participate in cancer progression.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress on chemical constituent and chemical analysis of Dendrobium officinale. METHODS: The literatures published in the last decade were searched and reviewed. RESULTS: D. officinale mainly contains polysaccharides, stilbenes, lignans and phenols. Fingerprint analysis, monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharide, and multivariate statistical analysis could help in the identification and the quality evaluation of D. officinale. CONCLUSION: It is imperative to determine the low-molecular effective components of D. officinale. Multi-component analysis should be beneficial to perfect the quality evaluation system for D. officinale.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress on seed germination of Dendrobium plants. METHODS: The home and abroad published literatures were searched and reviewed. RESULTS: Asymbiotic germination was carried out on over twenty Dendrobium species, and the related techniques have been used for seedling production. The studies on symbiotic germination are in the ascendant, and some germination-promoting fungi have been discovered, which mainly include Tulasnellales spp. and Sebacima spp.. The fungi possess a good application prospect on seedling production. CONCLUSION: Asymbiotic and symbiotic germination are the two main research issues of Dendrobium species, and the latter should develop into an important technique in artificial cultivation of medicinal Dendrobium plants.
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To determine whether the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in cancer-derived microvesicles (MVs) mirror those of the parental tumor cells, we compared the miRNA expression profiles of MVs derived from their parental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The presence and levels of 888 miRNAs from SMMC-7721 cells and MVs were detected by Agilent miRNA microarray analysis. Four selected miRNAs were verified by real time qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the genes of the miRNAs were bioinformatically identified to explore potential roles of the miRNAs in HCC microenvironment. Our results showed that miRNAs expression profiles of MVs derived from HCC were significantly changed. Of all the miRNAs tested, 148 miRNAs were co-expressed in MVs and SMMC-7721 cells, only 121 and 15 miRNAs were detected in MVs and SMMC-7721 cells, respectively. Among the 148 co-expressing miRNAs, 48 miRNAs had the similar expression level and 6 of them were supposed to be oncogenic or suppressive miRNAs. According to the target prediction by Quantile Algorithm method, these miRNAs may regulate 3831 genes which were closely related to cell cycle, apoptosis and oncogenesis, and 78 were known tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that 3831 genes were mainly associated with nucleic acid binding, cell death, cell adhesion. MVs containing miRNAs, released into the HCC microenvironment, bear the characteristic miRNAs of the original cells and might participate in cancer progression.